How to setup auto login in Windows

There may be several reasons for you to setup auto login in your computer. Like when you are away from your computer and for some reason you computer restarts and you want to start a program without login into it. But before setting up auto login into your computer, you must that somebody might get physical access to your important data.

If you are sure that nobody has physical access to your computer or data in your computer is not sensitive, then following the procedure below to configure automatic log on to windows.

Step 1: Type netplwiz in Run program.

It will open Advanced User Accounts program.

Step 2: In User Accounts popup, go to Users tab and Uncheck the box next to “Users must enter a username and password to use this computer”.

Step 3 : Click Apply button. Another popup will come up. Enter username and password of user account which you want to setup for automatic log in.

Step 4 : Click Ok button.

You are done. Restart your computer and see whether windows logs in automatically.

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Type Conversion and Typecasting In C

Introduction

In our C programs, an expression may contain data values of different data types. When the expression contains values of similar type values then no conversion is required. But if the expression contains values of different types then they must be converted to desired type. In a c programming language, the data conversion is performed in two different methods as follows:

    (i).Type Conversion

    (ii).Type Casting

 Type Conversion

• In this procedure, a data value from one data type to another data type is converted automatically by the compiler.

• Also known as implicit type conversion.

• The implicit type conversion is automatically performed by the compiler.

• To evaluate the expression, the data type is promoted from lower to higher level where the hierarchy of data types can be given as: double, float, long, int, short, and char.

Example:

#include<stdio.h>

  int main(){

     int x=3,u;

     float y,v=4.59;

     y= x;

     u=v;

     printf("y=%f\n",y);

     printf("u=%d\n",u);

 return 0;

}

Output:

 y=3.000000

 u=4  //data loss

Typecasting

• also called as explicit type conversion or forced conversion.

• Implicit type conversion may lead to data loss as in above example. That’s why we need type casting.

• To convert data from one type to another type we specify the target data type in paranthesis as a prefix to the data value that has to be converted.

• Type casting can be done by placing the destination data type in parentheses followed by the variable name that has to be converted.

The general syntax of type casting is as follows:

   (data/Type) variableName

Example:

#include<stdio.h>

   int main(){

     int x=3;

     float y;

     y= (float)x;

     printf("y=%f\n",y);

 return 0;

}

Output:

  Y=3.000000

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Relational Operators in C

Relational operators are used to compare two values. There are six relational operators in C. These are called relational operator because they establish relation between its operands. These operators are used in decision-making. These are binary operators because they need two operands.

Following table lists the six relational operators and their meaning-

Sl No	Operator	Syntax	Meaning
1	<	Op1<Op2	Is Op1 less than Op2
2	<=	Op1<=Op2	Is Op1 less than or equal to Op2
3	>	Op1>Op2	Is Op1 greater than Op2
4	>=	Op1>=Op2	Is Op1 greater than or equal to  Op2
5	==	Op1==Op2	Is Op1 equal to Op2
6	!=	Op1!=Op2	Is Op1 not equal to than Op2

Each of these operations results in a value of type int. The result of each operation is 1 if the comparison is true and 0 if the comparison is false.

Following C program demonstrates the working of above relational operators-

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){

   int a=1,b=2;

   if(a<b){

      printf(“a is less than b.\n”);

    }

   a=3,b=2;

   if(a<=b){

      printf(“a is less than or equal to b.\n”);

    }

  a=2,b=1;

   if(a>b){

      printf(“a is grater than b.\n”);

    }

  a=2,b=3;

   if(a>=b){

     printf(“a is greater than or equal to b.\n”);

    }

a=4,b=4;

if(a==b){

     printf(“a is equal to b.\n”);

    }

if(a!=b){

     printf(“a is not equal to b.\n”);

    }

  return 0;

}

Output:

a is less than b.

a is grater than b.

a is equal to b.

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The Conditional Operator in C

Introduction

• It involves three operands- the logical expression plus two other expressions—this operator is also referred to as the ternary operator.
• The conditional operator evaluates to one of two expressions, depending on whether a logical expression evaluates true or false.

Syntax

Condition ? expression1 : expression2

The ? character follows the logical expression, condition. On the right of ? are two operands, expression1 and expression2, that represent choices. The value that results from the operation will be the value of expression1 if condition evaluates to true, or the value of expression2 if condition evaluates to false. Remember that only one, either expression1 or expression2, will be evaluated.

Example

The conditional operator can be used in place of if-else statements.

Following program find the greater number between two numbers using if-else statements.

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){

  int num1=20,num2=30;

  if(num1>num2)

     printf(“%d is greater than %d.”,num1,num2);

 else

       printf(“%d is greater than %d.”,num2,num1);

  return 0;

}

Output:

  30 is greater than 20.

Now we will find out the greater number using conditional operator.

#include<stdio.h>

int main(){

  int num1=20,num2=30;

     num1>num2?printf(“%d is greater than %d.”,num1,num2):printf(“%d is greater than %d.”,num2,num1);

  return 0;

}

Output:

  30 is greater than 20.

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Logical Operators in C

Introduction

Sometimes you want to perform more than one test for a decision. You may want to combine two or more checks on values and perform a certain action only when they’re all true. For example, you may only want to go to watch a movie if you’re feeling well and it’s a weekend. These sorts of situations demand use of logical operators.

There are three logical operators available in C - &&,|| and !.

1. Logical AND && Operator

• binary operator that combines two logical expressions—that is, two expressions that evaluate to true or false.
• Returns true when both the conditions are true; return false when any of the conditions or both are false.

Syntax :

    Expression1 && Expression2

This expression evaluates to true if both expressions Expression1 and Expression2 evaluate to true. If either or both of the expressions are false, the result of the operation is false.

Example:

      if(marks >=60 && age < =80)

           printf("Grade : B\n");

2. Logical OR || Operator

• binary operator that combines two logical expressions—that is, two expressions that evaluate to true or false.
• If either or both expressions of the || operator are true, the result is true. The result is false only when both operands are false.

Syntax :

    Expression1 || Expression2

This expression evaluates to true if either or both expressions Expression1 and Expression2 evaluate to true. If both expressions are false, the result of the operation is false.

Example:

      if(marks >=60 || age < =80)

           printf("Grade : B\n");

3. Logical NOT ! Operator

• The ! operator is a unary operator, because it applies to just one operand.
• The logical NOT operator reverses the value of a logical expression: true becomes false, and false becomes true

Syntax :

!(expression)

   If expression is true, it becomes false; if it is false, it becomes true.

Example:

  int marks=100;

      if(!marks)

           printf("You didn’t received 100% marks.\n");

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